ืžืืžืจื™ื | ื“ืจืžืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ

ื“ืจืžืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ

ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื ืกืชืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”. ื‘ื›ืš ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกืฃ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื• ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ืืคืœื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื—ื ืช, ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืงืช ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”: ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ - ื›ืš ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื’ื™ืœ ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื.
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ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืืš ย ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื”. ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืžืชืืจืช ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ U . ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ื‘ืชืžื™ื, ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžืง, ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ืžืฉื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื” ืืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืš ื”ืคืขื ืžื—ื•ื–ืง, ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ืขืฆืžืื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืง ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ื, ื•ืื™ืชื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื• ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื‘ 1925. ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื–ื”ื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ืืš ืขื™ืงืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืื‘ืงื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื‘-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื–ืงืงื™ื ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื ืคืจืฉืช ืœืขื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืชืžื•ื ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืกื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช, ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
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ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื›ืืœื™ืช. ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ, ืืœื ื›ืชืื•ืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ื•ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื›ืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ ืžืื“, ืขืชื™ืจ ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ืืš ื’ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื•ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืื™ืชืŸ ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžืชืื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืขื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš.
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืคืจืœื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื•ืืกืชืœื”, ืื—ืช "ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช" ื•ืื—ืช ืœื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ืœืœื-ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.[1] ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ย ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ. ื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ืชืชื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื–ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืชื ืฉืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืžื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืกื’ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืฆื“ืงืชื•. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื ื™ืกื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื›ื™ืชืชื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื ื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ, ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ืžื ื ื•. ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”: ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืจืคื•ืื”, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” - ื ืงืจื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื. ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ืกืฃ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื— - ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื•ืœื• ื‘ืจืžื– ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื ืกื ื“ื ื˜ื™, ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืœืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืœืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืœืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ืืœ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
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ืชืคื™ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชืžื•ื ืช ื ื’ื“ ืœื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื ืฅ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื•ืžืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื. ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืš, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• - ืžืชื•ืš ืžืื’ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ - ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื”. ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืกืคื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคืจื ืงืœ: "ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืชื”ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืชืชืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืข; ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“, ืืš ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืฉื’ื‘! ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข ืื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื”, ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืืœืคื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื–ื ื•ื—, ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืœืื™ ืงื™ื•ื, ื•ื–ืืช ืœ"ื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื"! ืืš ื’ื ืžืจื•ืžื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื™, ื•ืขืžื• ื’ื ืขืชื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ืชืœื•ื™ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข. ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™, ืžื” "ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื", ืื ื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืžืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฃ."[2]
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ื™ื•ื”ืื ืก
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื™ื•ื”ื ืก, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืฆืœื™ืœ ืจืงืข ืœืžื—ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœื•. ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืžืชืืจ ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื” โ€“ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก. ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืขื ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื ื™ืชืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื—ืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”: "ืืชื” ืจืฆื—ืช ืื•ืชื”" ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ. ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช-ืžื™ื›ืืœื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื—ื” ื•ืื•ืฉืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคืช ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ืกื‘ืœ. ืงื•ืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื–ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื ื” ืืฉืจ ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืกื‘ืœ - ื ื“ื—ื” ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืœื™ื–ื‘ื˜ ืงื•ื‘ืœืจโ€“ืจื•ืก ื›ืืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžื•ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ". ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื•ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืกื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื; ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืื‘ืœ: ื”ื“ื—ืงื”, ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื—, ื›ืขืก, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืจืง ืื– ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ืœื”ืจืคื•ืช ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ื–ื ื•, ืžื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ, ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืื™ื‘.
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"ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”"[3] ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืชื•ืžืืกื™ื•ืก ื”ื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ, ืœืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื›ื•ืื‘ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกืจ, ืžืœื ืจื’ืฉื™ ื”ืืฉืžื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืžื™ื”ื” ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”, ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืข ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ื•ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœืช. ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”- ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื ืœื—ืฆื• ื•ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ, ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื›ื•ืขืก, ื”ื›ื•ืื‘, ื”ื‘ื•ื›ื”, ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื–ืงื•ืฃ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ื•ื”ืขืฆืžืื™. ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื“ื—ืงื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžืคื™ื ืชื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืชืงื ืช, ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืœืงืจืืช ืžืฆื™ืื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื, ืจื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื“ื™ื, ืจื‘ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•. ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื—ืงื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื™ื ื” ื—ื“- ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื”, ื ืฆืžื“ืช ืœืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื•ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื”.
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ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉืžื”. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชื—ืคืจ ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”,[4] ืืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ืžื ื•ืฃ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช, ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื“ืจืš ืืฉืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื•ืžื–ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืื™ื ื ื” ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืชื”ื™ืช ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช - ืืœื ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื—ืจ, ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ื”, ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืืžืคื˜ื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“ืจืš. ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืฆื•ืœืช ื”ืืฉืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืœืจื•ื—, ืœืงื•ืœ ืžื ื—ื ืืœื•ื”ื™, ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืฃ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ื—ื•ืžื™ื. ืงื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื•ืžื“ื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืขืžืงื™ ื ืฉืžืชื• ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ืขื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฆื™ืœื ื•, ืืœื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืœื”ืชืžืกืจ.
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ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชืคื•ื’ื’, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ื›ืื“ื, ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื—ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœืช, ื›ื•ืื‘ืช, ืขืœื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ: "ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื”ื•ืจืก ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ื ื”ื“ืคืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืชื•ืงืง ืืœื™ื•. ื›ืื‘ ื–ื”, ืื•ืชื• ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืข ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืžืฉืชืจืข ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืจืข ื’ื ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืื“ื ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื•"[5]. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื”, ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ื•ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”.[6] ื–ืžื ื ื• ืžืชื•ืืจ ืข"ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื›ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ืกืฃ, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ ืืฉืจ ืžื ืข ืื•ืชืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื”ืŸ. ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื•ืžืจื™ื” ื”ื ื–ื•ื’ โ€“ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืžืจื™ื” ืงื•ืœ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื™ื•ื”ื ืก, ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืžืžืช ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก, ืžื’ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช. ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืจื™ื”. ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก. ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืื™ื ืงืจื ืฆื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช: ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืขืจ ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขืกืงื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื•ืจื”-ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืืœื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืœื ืขื•ืจืจื™ืŸ, ืœื›ืœ ย ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื”. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืžืชืืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืื ื™ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜. "ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ย ื‘ื”ื›ื ืขื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื” ื“ืจืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“. ืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื“ื—ื™ืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืืฆืœื• ื”ื“ื—ืคื™ื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™. ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืจืง ืžื” ืฉืžื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื”. ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”, ืžืžื ื• ืกื•ืœื“ืช ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืŸ ื–ืžื ื ื•, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื›ื ืข. ืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืžื•ืจื”ื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื ืข ืœืžื“ืจื™ื›ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื•, ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืกื›ื ื” ืœืชื•ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœื•."[7] ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื”. ืืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืจืช: ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื•. ืืš ื“ื ืขืงื ืงื™ื™ื ืคืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื, ืืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจืฆื”, ื’ื ืื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืžื•ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื•, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”, ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช, ืืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืœืžื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืฆื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืช.
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ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ โ€“ ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืœื‘ืกืก ืื•ืชื ื›ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ: 'ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข', ืืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื ืฉืžืข, ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื ื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื• ื•ืจืง ืื– ื ืคืขืœ. ืฉืืœืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืจืง ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื: ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช: ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืœืงื”ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื.[8] ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื˜ืขื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช - ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจ.[9] ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
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ื™ืฉ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืžืกืคืจ ืœืžืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื” - ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื - ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื ืชืคืกืช ื›ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžืฉืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช, ื”ื•ืจืก ืืช ืื•ืชื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืจื•ื—. ืžืจื™ื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื”ืชืงืคืช ืฉื’ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชืคืจืฆืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ืžื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืจื™ื•ื ื˜ื” ื•ืžืงืœืœืช ืื•ืชื•: "ืื– ื™ืฉืชื ื” ื›ืขืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืš, ืœืืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ืื” ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืืชื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืืฉ, ืืฉืจ ืชืื›ืœ ืื•ืชืš."[10] ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื”ืชืงืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ื’ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื. ืœืื•ืชื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• "ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื" ืžืชื•ืš ืœื—ืฅ ืื• ืงื•ืฉื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื. ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื• ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื’ืจื•ื ื• ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ ื–ืืช.
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ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื•ืžืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื—ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืžื ื”. ืžืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉื’ืจืžื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื: ื‘ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื•ื‘ืื‘ื™ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื - ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืื™ื ืงืจื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช.
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ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื”. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืคืจื“ ืžืžืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืงืชื• ืœืืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ - ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืื•ืชื•, ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืžืžืœืืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”. ืืช ืชืฉื•ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื—ื•ื•ื” ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืจื” ื›ื”ืชืงืคื”, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงืคื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชื”. ืื•ืชื” ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื™ืœื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืื– ื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืื—ื•ืชื•. ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืฆืœืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ, ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ื ื’ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื•. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื• ื›ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ืœื”ื™ืคืš.[11] ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืืช ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืื•ืจื‘ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช โ€“ ืกื›ื ืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ, ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืชืกืžื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืชื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ: "ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื" ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืฆืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืชื™ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ.
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ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ืจืง ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ย ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ืจ, ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช, ืจื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ืช, ืขื ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื›ืžื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืคื—ื“. ื ื“ื‘ืš ืื—ืจื™ ื ื“ื‘ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืžื•ื™ ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื, ื‘ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ื ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืจืขื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืื”, ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืื—ืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ืจื™ืžื•ื ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืžืคื’ืฉ ื•ืžื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืฉืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื ื• ื•ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ืžื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื’ื™ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืœื ื• ืžืจืื”, ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ืœืช ื•ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื•, ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื•.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื ื• ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ, ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืกืข ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžืจืชืง ื‘ื• ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจื™ืงืžื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืขืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืงืฆืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฆื™ื“ื ื• ื”ื ืžื•ืš, ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืืช ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืืฉืœื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื• - ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืืœ ื”ืฆืœ, ื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืš ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงืฉืจื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืกืžื•ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฆืขื“ื ื• ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื•. ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืžื’ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืš ืžืชืขืฆื ื›ื•ื—ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื ืคืฉื ื‘ืืคืœื”, ื›ืš ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืžืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ื—, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื›ื•ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืจืžื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.[12]
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ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืงื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœืžืกืข ืืจื•ืš ืœืชื•ื›ื•, ืืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื ืื”, ื”ืฉื™ื ืื”, ื”ืคื—ื“ ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืจื” ื”ืžื˜ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”, ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืžืœื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ื•ืชื’ืืœ ืื•ืชื. ื”ืžืกืข ืืœ ย ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื. ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• ื”ืื•ืจ ื ืฉืืจ ืžื™ื•ืชื ื•ืœื ืฉืœื, ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืžืœื”.
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ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช, ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ื›ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืžืชืืจ ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœื• ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœ 11, ื‘ื”ื ืฉืคืš ื“ื™ื• ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื’ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื“ืœืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืฉืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืžืฆื™ืข ื‘"ืืกืคืงื˜ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช", ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื, ื•ืžืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื“ื”. ืืœื” ืื ื›ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช - ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืืคื•ืœื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ืกืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.[13] ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
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ื‘ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืชื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืงืคืื•, ืฉืžืชื•, ืฉื”ื•ืคืงืขื• ืžื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืื ื™ ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื•ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื, ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ, ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื ื•ืขื”, ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื™ื ื•ืข"ื™ ื›ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™. ืข"ื™ ื›ืš ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื•. ื”ืื“ื ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื•, ืืช ื”ืื ื™ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก, ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื, ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœื•. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืื• ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืŸ.[14] ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ืžืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื“ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ.[15] ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
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ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”: ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘"ืื ื™". ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช, ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช, ืžืจืงืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”. ื–ื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืงืจื ืฆื™ื”, ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ย ืฉื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” - ื”ื™ื ืืงืกืงืจื ืฆื™ื”, ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจืช- ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืชืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืžืžืฉ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ืขื‘ื•ื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืจืื™ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื”ื›ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืชืจืžื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื”ื›ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื“ ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืœื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ื, ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ืงืืจืžื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ - ื”ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš[16] - ย ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ืกื™ื ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช.[17]
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ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก
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ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื™ืค ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื—: ื—ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืืš ื ื–ื”ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืง ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช. ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืขื–ืจืชื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืง ื•ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”. ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจืช: "ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช". ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ื’ื™ืœื•. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืฆื ืžืคืœื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืœืื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืœื“ื”.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก, ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืžื’ืœื” ื›ื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœืจื•ื— ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืื– ืžืชืคืจืง:
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"ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ: ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ืืฉืจ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™
ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืžืชื ืคืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืชื
ื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ื™ืžื—ืฆื• ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืื™ืŸ"[18]
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืื‘ืช: ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืชืืคืฉืจ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—. ื›ืืŸ ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืืฉืจ ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืงืจ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืจื•ื—, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื•ืขืจื™ื”; ืžื ื•ืงื” ืžื›ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ืžื›ืœ ืขื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช, ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืŸ - ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื’ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื›'ืื ื™'. ื”'ืื ื™' ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืืฉืจ ื ืชืคืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื›ืžืื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืœื™ื”, ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืืžืฅ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ื ืกืชืจ, ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ื” ืงืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื, ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืชืคื™ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืฉื ืื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฆื ื•ืขื™ื, ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื ืื” ื•ืžืงื™ื ืื”. ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช, ืœื”ืชืคืจืงื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
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ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืžื’ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ื”ื ืก. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก, ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืื“ื ื”ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”. ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ืขื•ื•ืจื™ื ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื•ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืœืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช. ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืงืจืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœื”ื - ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื‘ืื™ื ืงืจื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
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ืื—ืช ื”ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืขื–ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืฆื ื” ื‘ื” ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืงืฉื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื•ืชื•ื”ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ:
"ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™....ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™.. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก?"
ื•ืื– ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก ื•ืื•ืžืจ:
"ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘."
ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ืื‘:
"ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ ืจืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืคืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื"[19]
ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœ. ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืคื’ืฉื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•, ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื. ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื’ืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ื’ื•ืจืœ ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืจืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืจืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ. ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ื›ื–ื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื•ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื™ื ื•, ืืš ื”ื™ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš. ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜: " ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื” ื›ืฉื ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”"[20] ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื”ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืฆื•ื”ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืจื—ื•ืง, ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืžื ื• ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘.
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ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืื•, ืžื’ื™ืข ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืจื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื”ืชืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœืื—ื“ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืจืื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื”ืกืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื™ื–ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืคื•ืขืœ. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื—ื•ื’ื’ ืœื•ืฆื™ืคืจ ืืช ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื ืชืง ืืช ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
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ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ื ื•ืคืœ ืœืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื. ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืื ื™ื™ืคืชื—ื• ื•ื™ื™ืชืžืกืจื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืจืฆื™ืช. ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉืชืง ืœื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื›ืžื”ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื.[21] ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื‘ื•ืื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื”'ื–ืงื ื™ื' ื ืœื—ืžื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืง ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ืœืคืจื™ืฉืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืžื ื”.
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ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ
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ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื’ืขืช ืืœ ืœื™ื‘ื ื•. ื”ื•ื ื™ืœื“ ืžืื•ืžืฅ ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืืจ ื›ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืžืจืคื ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื ื–ืจ. ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช.[22] ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื ื”ื ืคืขืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืฃ ื›ืงืœืœื” ืงืฉื”, ื ืจืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืคืชื— ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ื ื—ืžื”, ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ย ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืžืžืฉื•ืช.[23] ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” ื•ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš: ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืชื•ืžืืกื™ื•ืก. ื‘ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืจื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ืžืชื” ืื™ืฉืชื•.[24] ืืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื›ื” ืฉื ื™ืช. ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ืœื ืชืชืžืžืฉ. ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื ื ื˜ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืืช ื”ื—ืจื‘ ืืฉืจ ืชืฉืžืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”.
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ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื ืจืชืข ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืคืฉ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื—. ื›ืš ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืคืชื— ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืžื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืข. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื–ืขื–ื•ืข ืขืžื•ืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืืช ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก. ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืกืชืจ- ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืกืชืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื: ื‘ื‘ื“? ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื? โ€“ ืœื, ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก? - ื’ื ืœื. ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ? ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ. ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืขื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื ื’ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืœืงืขืงืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื›ืžื“ืขืŸ. ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื™ื–ื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืœื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ืฉืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ืกื‘ืœ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘. ืœืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืข"ื™ ืžืจื™ื”: "ืืชื” ืžืคื™ืฅ ื—ื•ืฉืš" โ€“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•. ืืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœื•: "ื™ืงืจื” ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช", ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืœืš ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืชืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืื•ืช- ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ, ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืกืœื•ื— ืœื™ื•ื”ื ืก, ย ืฉื’ืจื ืœืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœื• ืขื ืื”ืจื™ืžืŸ. ืฉื, ืžื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจื™ืžืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ืืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืื– ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืžืœื” ืขืœื™ื•.
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ืœืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ื™ืฉ ย ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ื”ืื ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื ื•ืฉืืช ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”? ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืคืื•ืœ ืฉืฅ.[25] ย ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ืžืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืคืขืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื - ื”ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืืคืกื™ื•ืก ื•ืคืœื™ืงืก ื‘ืœื“ื” ืืฉืจ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœืš ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืคื ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ื›ื™ ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืœืœื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื. ืกื˜ืจืื“ืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื. ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื•ืงื‘ืช ืžื•ืœื ื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื: ื”ืื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื”ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช? ื”ืื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื’ื”? ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืชื•ืฉื’ ืข"ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื—ื™ื•ืš ืื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง; ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืชืฆืจืฃ ื”ื›ืœืœื™.
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ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื™ืช โ€“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืืœื” ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”, ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืืœื” ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื. ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉื‘ืจ ื ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžื“ืช. ื•ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื”, ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ืขื ืขื‘ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื• ืงืฉื”: ื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืื—ื“ ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื–ืจืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื”, ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ื—ืžืœื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ - ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื—ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ - ื ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“, ืฉื•ืื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืžืงื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื”ื‘ื”.
ย 
ยฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืจ.

ื”ืขืจื•ืช

[1] ืจืื” ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžื”28 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1910 (GA 119)
[2] ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคืจืื ืงืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ 2010 ืขืž. 66
[3] ื’ืœืฆืจ ื’ื™ืื•ืจื’ ืคืจืคืจ ื•ืคืจื— ย ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื ื™ืฆืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ 2008 ืขืž. 11
[4] ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืžืจื™ื” ืœื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืื—ืจ: " ืืœ ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช
ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื•ื–ืœืช
ืžืžืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—
ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ืจื•ื—"
ืขืž. 40
[5] ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืจื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืชืœืชืŸ ืขืž.33 (GA16)
[6] ืžื—ื–ื” ืŸ ย  ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืž. 11- 13
[7] ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืจื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ืžืงืจื•ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก (GA 119) ย  ื”ืจืฆืื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช
[8] ืžื—ื–ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” 15
[9] ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ืจื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ืคืจืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืงืฉื™ื•ืช ย ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืชืœืชืŸ( GA 11) ื”ืงื“ืžื”
[10] ืžื—ื–ื” ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช
[11] ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช
[12] ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœื•ืฆื™ืคืจ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช
[13] ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืจืคื ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžื”5 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1924 GA317
[14] ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžืกืชืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžื” 23 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1923 GA232
[15] ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: BODY-CENTERED PSYCHOTHERAPY -The Hakomi Metod- Ron Kurtz ย LIfeRhythm 2013
ื”ื ื“ืจื™ืงืก ื’ื™ื™ ื•ืงืชืœื™ืŸ ย ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ื™ืืกืฃ 1996
ื’'ื ื“ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื’'ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ย ืžืจืงื 1996
ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืจื ื“ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืžืกืข ืคืจืื’ 2007
ื‘ืจืื“ืฉื• ื’'ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ย ืžื˜ืจ 2005
[16] ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžื”3 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1923 ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” GA257
[17] "ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจืช ื›ืฉื ืฉื—ืฉ ื”ื ืš ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืš ืขืฆืžืš, ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ืœืช" ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžื”2.2.1924 ย GA234 .
[18] ืžื—ื–ื” II ย ืชืžื•ื ื” 1 ืขืž. 14 .
[19] ืžื—ื–ื” II ืชืžื•ื ื” 1.
[20] ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื˜' ืžืฉื ื” ื”'
[21] "ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื“ื ื›ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ื”ืงืืจืžื” ืฉืœื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขืžื“ื”(ืกื™ืœื—ื• ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”) ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขื•ืงืฅ ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื—ื“ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืžืชืื™ื. ื”ืขื•ืงืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืืš ื”ืื“ื ืžืคื—ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืคื—ื“, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ, ืœืขืงื•ืฅ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื”ืจื™ืžื ื™. ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ื—ื“ ืฉื›ื›ื” ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื”ืจื™ืžืŸ, ืœื, ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ืขื•ืงืฅ ื™ืจืชืข ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœื•. ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื•. ื›ืš ืžืชื•ืš ืคื—ื“ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื ืฉืืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื ืžืžื•ืžืฉืช." ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืงืืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืจืš III ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžื” 4 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1924 GA237 ย .
[22] "ืื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืš, ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื•ืžื”. ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžื•ืงืคืช ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™; ืจืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืœืจืื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื•ืžื” ื–ื•; ืืš ืžื™ ืฉืžืกื’ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื“ืจืš ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืš. ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช- ืื•ืœื™ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“- ย ืฉืžื•ืจื”ื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœื ืคืฉื•. ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืขื–ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื•ื™ืžืกืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™. ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื–ื•." ืžืชื•ืš: ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืชืจื’ื: ืืœื™ืฉืข ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืชืœืชืŸ. ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช GA16 ย .
[23] "ื”ื™ื•ื ื—ืœืคื• ืœื”ืŸ
ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื
ืžืื– ื”ื™ื™ืช ืœืฉื•ืชืคืช ื—ื™ื™
ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ
ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื,
ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ืจืง ืืคืœื”
ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื•ื.
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื“ื ืื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื—,
ื›ืฉื‘ืืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืœืฆื™ื“ื™
ื•ื”ืขื ืงืช ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื
ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ื.
ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืคืชื™ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช
ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžื“ืขื™ ืžื—ืžื™ืจ
ืขืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื.
ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ,
ื›ื™ ืฉืื™ืคืชื™ ืจื™ืงื”.
ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชืš,
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื•ืืคืช ื”ืจื•ื—
ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
ืฉื ืฉืœืœื• ืžื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™ ื•ื“ืจืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืš ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ,
ืฉื‘ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืก ื”ื“ืจื™ืš;
ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš.
ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืžื–ื™ื•ืก,
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช
ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ื ืคืฉ.
ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื™ืชื™ ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš
ื’ื–ืœ ืžืžื ื™ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืžื“ืข,
ืืš ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ,
ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
ื”ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ืจืฃ ืื– ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš
ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื,
ืฉืœื ื ืจืื• ืœื™ ื›ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”, ืœื” ื”ืชืžืกืจืชื™,
ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืชืจื“ืžื”.
ื›ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืกืจืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™,
ืขื“ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืš ืฉื ื™ืช
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืคื›ื ื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
ย 
ืžืชื•ืš: ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืกืฃ ย ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืืช ืจื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ. ืชืจื’ื: ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกื•ืคื™ื”. ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช
[24] ืžื—ื–ื” III ย ืชืžื•ื ื” 5.
[25] www.paul-schatz.ch

ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื?
ืžืœืื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื.
ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ!
ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ืชื›ื
ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช,
ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื
ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื ื•ืกื“ ื‘-1998 ืข"ื™ ื“ื ื™ ืืžืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืขื™ื ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืชืœืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื•ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืœื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจืคื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืžืจืคื ืœืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ย ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื•ืคื•ื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™.